Eiji ARAMAKI is a professor at NAIST, Japan, working on information science.
He is working in medical informatics based on natural language processing (NLP) and social media-based applications.
He is also leading the medical NLP shared task (MedNLP) of NTCIR.
His hobby is drawing and music composing.
I’m recruiting Ph.D. students and PostDoc researchers.
Please send me your CV with a publication list if you are interested. Note that we do not have “research student” positions.
Chair of NTCIR MedNLP task (NTCIR 11-14, 16 and 17).
Area Chair, ACL2020, AACL2020, EMNLP2018.
Editorial Board, Journal of Medical Artificial Intelligence (Impact Factor: 4.8), Guest Editorial Board, Journal of Information Processing & Management (Impact Factor: 3.9).
Research
Medical Reseach based on NLP
Electronic health/medical records (referred to as EHR) are rapidly replacing paper-based records in hospitals worldwide. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques have gained importance in the medical field. Because NLP is a hot topic in computer science, the number of medical NLP studies is increasing each year dramatically.
We extract information from EHRs to find a new medical finding.
Health-related social media data are increasingly being used in disease surveillance studies. In particular, surveillance of infectious diseases such as influenza, and mental issue has demonstrated high correlations between the number of social media posts mentioning the disease and the number of patients.
From social media, we aim to extract not only the patient number but also the patient's intentions, hidden needs, and attitudes to health care systems.
On-going Core Research
Not only the above solid research, but we are also always finding new frontiers such as:
Catch the well-being from texts
How to train ethics to AI
What is humanity
Drawing
Sometimes, I am a painter.
My works are mostly oil paint-based human portraits.
Music
I am also a music composer.
My works are beatless acoustic sounds with a sampling of abandoned old pianos.
1. Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya: Image and Sound of the City, The Social City: Space as Collaborative Media to Enhance the Value of the City (Editors
, 2022.
2. Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi, Hideki Kashioka, Hideki Tanaka: Example-based Machine Translation without Saying Inferable Predicate, Natural Language Processing - IJCNLP 2004: First International Joint Conference Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Springer, pp. 206-215, 2004.
3. Hideo Watanabe, Sadao Kurohashi, Eiji Aramaki: Chapter 14: Finding Translation Patterns From Paired Source and Target Dependency Structures, Recent Advances in Example-based Machine Translation, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 397-421, 2003.
1. Dongfang Xu, Guillermo Garcia, Lisa Raithel, Philippe Thomas, Roland Roller, Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya, Shuntaro Yada, Pierre Zweigenbaum, Karen O’Connor, Sai Samineni, Sophia Hernandez, Yao Ge, Swati Rajwal, Sudeshna Das, Abeed Sarker, Ari Klein, Ana Schmidt, Vishakha Sharma, Raul Rodriguez-Esteban, Juan Banda, Ivan Amaro, Davy Weissenbacher, Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez
: , 2024 (2024/8/15).
2. Junko Hayashi, Kazuhiro Ito, Masae Manabe, Yasushi Watanabe, Masataka Nakayama, Yukiko Uchida, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Estimation of Happiness Changes through Longitudinal Analysis of Employees' Texts, In Proceeding of the 14th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment & Social Media Analysis (WASSA2024) (Bangkok, Thailand), pp. 294-304, 2024 (2024/8/15). (https://aclanthology.org/2024.wassa-1.24/)
3. Lisa Raithel, Philippe Thomas, Bhuvanesh Verma, Roland Roller, Hui-Syuan Yeh, Shuntaro Yada, Cyril Grouin, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki, Sebastian Möller, Pierre Zweigenbaum: Overview of #SMM4H 2024 – Task 2: Cross-Lingual Few-Shot Relation Extraction for Pharmacovigilance in French, German, and Japanese, In Proceedings of the 9th Social Media Mining for Health Research and Applications Workshop and Shared Tasks (#SMM4H 2024) (Bangkok, Thailand), pp. 170-182, 2024 (2024/8/15). (https://aclanthology.org/2024.smm4h-1.39/)
4. Naoya Fujikawa, NGUYEN Quang Toan, Kazuhiro Ito, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Loneliness Episodes: A Japanese Dataset for Loneliness Detection and Analysis, In Proceeding of the 14th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment & Social Media Analysis (WASSA2024) (Bangkok, Thailand), pp. 280-293, 2024 (2024/8/15). (https://aclanthology.org/2024.wassa-1.23/)
5. Soichiro Sugihara, Tomoyuki Kajiwara, Takashi Ninomiya, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Semi-automatic Construction of a Word Complexity Lexicon for Japanese Medical Terminology, In Proceedings of the 6th Clinical Natural Language Processing Workshop (Clinical NLP) (Mexico City, Mexico), 329-333, 2024 (2024/6/20-21). (https://aclanthology.org/2024.clinicalnlp-1.29/)
6. Lisa Raithel, Hui-Syuan Yeh, Shuntaro Yada, Cyril Grouin, Thomas Lavergne, Aurélie Névéol, Patrick Paroubek, Philippe Thomas, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Sebastian Möller, Eiji Aramaki, Yuji Matsumoto, Roland Roller, and Pierre Zweigenbaum: A Dataset for Pharmacovigilance in German, French, and Japanese: Annotating Adverse Drug Reactions across Languages, In Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024) (Torino, Italy), 395-414, 2024 (2024/5/23). (https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.36/)
7. Seiji Shimizu, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Generating Distributable Surrogate Corpus for Medical Multi-label Classification, In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Patient-Oriented Language Processing (CL4Health 2024) (Torino, Italy), 153-162, 2024 (2024/5/20). (https://aclanthology.org/2024.cl4health-1.19/)
8. Kazuhiro Ito, Junko Hayashi, Shoko Wakamiya, Masae Manabe, Yasushi Watanabe, Masataka Nakayama, Yukiko Uchida, Eiji Aramaki: Engineering approach to explore language reflecting well-being, AAAI 2024 Spring Symposium Series: Impact of GenAI on Social and Individual Well-being (AAAI2024-GenAI) (Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, US), 2023 (2024/3/26). (http://www.cas.lab.uec.ac.jp/wordpress/aaai_spring_2024/)
9. Tomohiro Nishiyama, Lisa Reithel, Rolland Roller, Pierre Zweigenbaum, Eiji Aramaki: Assessing authenticity and anonymity of synthetic user-generated content
, 2023 (2024/3/21).
10. Takuya Fukushima, Yuka Otsuki, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, and Eiji Aramaki: NAISTSOCRR at the NTCIR-17 MedNLP-SC Radiology Report Subtask, In Proceedings of the 17th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (Tokyo, Japan, NII), pp. 163-166, 2023 (2023/12/14).
11. Yuta Nakamura, Shouhei Hanaoka, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, and Eiji Aramaki: NTCIR-17 MedNLP-SC Radiology Report Subtask Overview: Dataset and Solutions for Automated Lung Cancer Staging, In Proceedings of the 17th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (Tokyo, Japan, NII), pp. 145-151, 2023 (2023/12/14).
12. Shoko Wakamiya, Lis Kanashiro Pereira, Lisa Raithel, Hui-Syuan Yeh, Peitao Han, Seiji Shimizu, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Gabriel Herman Bernardim Andrade, Noriki Nishida, Hiroki Teranishi, Narumi Tokunaga, Philippe Thomas, Roland Roller, Pierre Zweigenbaum, Yuji Matsumoto, Akiko Aizawa, Sebastian Möller, Cyril Grouin, Thomas Lavergne, Aurélie Névéol, Patrick Paroubek, Shuntaro Yada, and Eiji Aramaki: NTCIR-17 MedNLP-SC Social Media Adverse Drug Event Detection: Subtask Overview, In Proceedings of the 17th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (Tokyo, Japan, NII), pp. 131-144, 2023 (2023/12/14).
13. Satoshi Nishioka, Masaki Asano, Shuntaro Yada, Eiji Aramaki, Hiroshi Yajima, Hayato Kizaki, Satoko Hori: Detection of adverse event signals with severity grade classification from cancer patient narrative, In Proceedings of the 19th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics (MedInfo 2023) (Sydney, Australia), pp. 554-558, 2023 (2023/7/10).
14. Zachary Pangan, Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya, Kongmeng Liew, Shuntaro Yada, Wan Jou She: 100-Bot Convo: Social Media Simulation Using a Pre-Trained Language Model-Based Agent Network, The 9th International Conference on Computational Social Science (Copenhagen, Denmark), 2023 (2023/7/19).
15. Gabriel Herman Bernardim Andrade, Shuntaro Yada, Eiji Aramaki: Comparative evaluation of boundary-relaxed annotation for Entity Linking performance, The 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'23) (Toronto, Canada), pp. 8238-8253, 2023 (2023/7/10). (https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.458/)
16. Lean Franzl Lim Yao, Kongmeng Liew, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Extracting Spatio-Temporal Trends in Medical Research Prioritization Through Natural Language Processing of Case Report Abstracts, In Proceedings of the 19th World Congress on Medical and Health Informatics (MedInfo 2023) (Sydney, Australia), pp. 634-638, 2023 (2023/7/10).
17. Lisa Raithel, Faith W. Mutinda, Gabriel H. B. Andrade, Hui- Syuan Yeh, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Mathieu Laï-King, Shuntaro Yada, Roland Roller, Cyril Grouin, Agata Savary, Aurélie Névéol, Thomas Lavergne, Eiji Aramaki, Sebastian Möller, Yuji Matsumoto, and Pierre Zweigenbaum: KEEPHA at n2c2 2022: Track 1 Contextualized Medication Event Extraction, 2022 n2c2 Shared Task and Workshop (Washington Hilton, Washington, D.C.), 2022 (2022/11/04).
18. Faith Wavinya Mutinda, Kongmeng Liew, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya and Eiji Aramaki: PICO Corpus: A Publicly Available Corpus to Support Automatic Data Extraction from Biomedical Literature, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Information Extraction from Scientific Publications (WIESP 2022) (Online), 2022 (2022/11/21).
19. Hiroaki Tanaka, Yuma Jitsunari, Wataru Yamada, Keiichi Ochiai, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Graph Neural Network Tells Us Who is the Communication Enhancer, In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Workshop on Human-in-the-Loop Methods and Future of Work in BigData (IEEE HMData 2022) (Online/Osaka, Japan), 2022 (2022/12/17).
20. Kazuhiro Ito, Taichi Murayama, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya and Eiji Aramaki: Identifying A Target Scope of Complaints on Social Media, In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology (SoICT 2022) (Hanoi, Vietnum), 2022 (2022/12/2).
21. Yangyang Zhou, Kongmeng Liew, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Music Charts for Approximating Everyday Emotions: A Dataset of Daily Charts with Music Features from 106 Cities, In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Momentary Emotion Elicitation and Capture (MEEC), International Conference for Affective Computing & Intelligent Interaction (ACII) (Nara, Japan), 2022 (2022/10/17).
22. Kongmeng Liew, Vipul Mishra, Yangyang Zhou, Elena V. Epure, Romain Hennequin, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Network Analyses for Cross-Cultural Music Popularity, In Proceedings of the 23rd International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) (Online/Bengaluru, India), 2022 (2022/12/04).
23. Shuntaro Yada, Yuta Nakamura, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Real-MedNLP: Overview of REAL document-based MEDical Natural Language Processing Task, In Proceedings of the 16th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (NTCIR-16) (Online), pp. 285-296, 2022 (2022/06/17). (http://research.nii.ac.jp/ntcir/workshop/OnlineProceedings16/pdf/ntcir/01-NTCIR16-OV-MEDNLP-YadaS.pdf)
24. Tomohiro Nishiyama, Aki Ando, Mihiro Nishidani, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: NAISTSOC at the NTCIR-16 Real-MedNLP Task, In Proceedings of the 16th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (NTCIR-16) (Online), pp. 330-333, 2022 (2022/06/17). (http://research.nii.ac.jp/ntcir/workshop/OnlineProceedings16/pdf/ntcir/07-NTCIR16-MEDNLP-NishiyamaT.pdf)
25. Fei Cheng, Shuntaro Yada, Ribeka Tanaka, Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi: JaMIE: A Pipeline Japanese Medical Information Extraction System with Novel Relation Annotation, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022) (Marseille, France), pp. 3724‑3731, 2022 (2022/06/22).
26. Taichi Murayama, Shohei Hisada, Makoto Uehara, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Annotation-Scheme Reconstruction for Fake News and Japanese Fake News Dataset, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022) (Online, Marseille, France), pp. 7226‑7234, 2022 (2022/06/23). (http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2022/pdf/2022.lrec-1.784.pdf)
27. Patrick Ramos, Kiki Ferawati, Kongmeng Liew, Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya: Emotion Analysis of Writers and Readers of Japanese Tweets on Vaccinations, The 12th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment & Social Media Analysis (WASSA 2022) (Online, Dublin, Ireland), pp. 95-103, 2022 (2022/05/26). (https://aclanthology.org/2022.wassa-1.10.pdf)
28. Kongmeng Liew, Takeshi Hamamura, Kiki Ferawati, Hidenori Kiyomoto, Eiji Aramaki: Examining gender roles on Japanese Twitter through Word Embeddings, International Congress on Cross-Cultural Psychology (Online), 2022 (2022/07/12).
29. Vipul Mishra, Kongmeng Liew, Romain Hennequin, Elena V. Epure, Eiji Aramaki: Are Metal Fans Angrier than Jazz Fans? A Genre-Wise Exploration of the Emotional Language of Music Listeners on Reddit, In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on NLP for Music and Spoken Audio (NLP4MusA) (Online), 2021 (2021/11/12).
30. Shu Anzai, Taichi Murayama, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Finding Retro Places in Japan: Crowd-sourced Urban Ambience Estimation, In Proceeding of the 5th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Location-Based Recommendations, Geosocial Networks, and Geoadvertising (LocalRec2021) (Online), 2021 (2021/11/2).
31. Taichi Murayama, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Mitigation of Diachronic Bias in Fake News Detection Dataset, In Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (W-NUT) 2021 (2021/11/11).
32. Faith Wavinya Mutinda, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: AUTOMETA: Automatic Meta-Analysis System Employing Natural Language Processing, MedInfo 2021 2021 (2021/10/2-4).
33. Yuta Nakamura, Shouhei Hanaoka, Yukihiro Nomura, Naoto Hayashi, Osamu Abe, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Clinical Comparable Corpus Describing the Same Subjects with Different Expressions, MedInfo 2021 2021 (2021/10/2-4).
34. Gamar Azuaje, Kongmeng Liew, Elena Epure, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya and Eiji Aramaki: Visualyre: Multimodal visualization of lyrics, In Proceedings of the 16th International Audio Mostly Conference 2021 (AM2021) (Online), 2021 (2021/9/1).
35. Zhiwei Gao, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: A Preliminary Analysis of Offensive Language Detection Transferability from Social Media to Video Live Streaming Platforms, In: Yada K. et al. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence. JSAI 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computingpp. 121-132, 2021 (2021/7/23). (Conference proceedings) (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73113-7_11)
36. Taichi Murayama, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Single Model for Influenza Forecasting of Multiple Countries by Multi-task Learning, In Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD) (Online), 2021 (2021/9/14).
37. Taichi Murayama, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki, Ryota Kobayashi: Modeling the Spread of Fake News on Twitter, 7th International Conference on Computational Social Science (IC2S2) (Online), 2021 (2021/7/30).
38. Taichi Murayama, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Comparable Analysis of News Diffusion between Mainstream and Alternative Media in Twitter, 7th International Conference on Computational Social Science (IC2S2) (Online), 2021 (2021/7/29).
39. Kongmeng Liew, Takeshi Hamamura, Vipul Mishra, Lean F. L. Yao, Zhiwei Gao, Joshua C. Jackson, Alethea H. Q. Koh, Eiji Aramaki, Yukiko Uchida : Going beyond East-West comparisons: Machine Learning cultural differences for exploratory approaches to cross-cultural research, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conference (Online), 2021 (2021/7/30).
40. Kongmeng Liew, Vipul Mishra, Eiji Aramaki, Elena V. Epure, Romain Hennequin: Relational mobility predicts danceability in music preference: Evidence from 26 countries, Culture Evolution Society Conference (Online), 2021 (2021/6/8).
41. Masae Manabe, Kongmeng Liew, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Psychologically Distressed Youth Create Happy Stories: Estimation of Psychological distress in Japanese Youth by Stylometric and Sentiment Analyses of Imaginative Writing, Association for Psychological Science 2021 Virtual convention 2021 (2021/5/26).
42. Shogo Ujiie, Iso Hayate, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: End-to-end Biomedical Entity Linking with Span-based Dictionary Matching, In Proceedings of the 20th SIGBioMed Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing 2021 (2021/6/11).
43. Kongmeng Liew, Yukiko Uchida, Nao Maeura, and Eiji Aramaki: Classification of Nostalgic Music Through LDA Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of YouTube Comments in Japanese Songs, In Proceedings of the First Workshop on NLP for Music and Audio (NLP4MusA2020) (Online), 2020 (2020/10/16).
44. Zhiwei Gao, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Offensive Language Detection on Video Live Streaming Chat, In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2020) (Online), pp. 1936-1940, 2020 (2020/12/?).
45. Taichi Murayama, Shoko Wakamiya and Eiji Aramaki: Fake News Detection using Temporal Features Extracted via Point Process, In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cyber Social Threats (CySoc2020) (Online), 2020 (2020/06/5).
46. Faith Mutinda, Sumaila Nigo, Daisaku Shibata, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: NAIST: Three approaches for Clinical Semantic Similarity, 2019 n2c2/OHNLP Shared Task and Workshop (US, Washington, D.C.), 2019 (2019/11/15).
47. Mir'atul Khusna Mufida, Wenang Anurogo, Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Disease Outbreaks related to Natural Disaster Analysis based on Twitter Data, ICAE 2019 & ICAESS 2019 (Poster) (Indonesia, Batam), 2019 (2019/10/01). (Best Poster)
48. Hayate Iso, Yui Uehara, Tatsuya Ishigaki, Hiroshi Noji, Eiji Aramaki, Ichiro Kobayashi, Yusuke Miyao, Naoaki Okazaki, Hiroya Takamura: Learning to Select, Track, and Generate for Data-to-Text, In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) (Italy, Florence), 2019 (2019/07/28). (acceptance ratio=25%)
49. Wannita Takerngsaksiri, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: City Link: Finding Similar Areas in Two Cities using Twitter Data, In Proceedings of International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (W2GIS 2019) (Japan, Kyoto), pp. 13-27, 2019 (2019/5/16). (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-17246-6_2)
50. Shoko Wakamiya, Panote Siriaraya, Yihong Zhang, Yukiko Kawai, Eiji Aramaki, Adam Jatowt: Pleasant Route Suggestion based on Color and Object Rates, In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (Australia, Melbourne), pp. 786-789, 2019 (2019/2/13).
51. Eiji Aramaki, Chihiro Honda, Shoko Wakamiya, Akira Sato, Isao Miyashiro: Quick Cognitive Impairment Test for Cancer Patients using Emotional Stroop Effect, MedInfo 2019 (Poster) (France, Lyon), 2018 (2019/03/14).
52. Hayate Iso, Kaoru Ito, Hiroyuki Nagai, Taro Okahisa, Eiji Aramaki: Parsing Japanese Tweets into Universal Dependencies (non-archival submission), Universal Dependencies Workshop 2018 (UDW 2018) (Belgium, Brussels), 2018 (2018/08/28).
53. Paolo Casani, Hayate Iso, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Wisdom in adversity: a twitter study of the Japanese Tsunami, In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) (Spain, Barcelona), 2018 (2018/08/28).
54. Kaoru Ito, Hiroyuki Nagai, Taro Okahisa, Shoko Wakamiya, Tomohide Iwao, Eiji Aramaki: J-MeDic: A Japanese Disease Name Dictionary based on Real Clinical Usage, International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) (Japan, Miyazaki), pp. 2365-2369, 2018 (2018/05/11). (http://aclweb.org/anthology/L18-1375)
55. Naomi Yamashita, Hideaki Kuzuoka, Keiji Hirata, Takashi Kudo, Eiji Aramaki, Kazuki Hattori: How Information Sharing about Care Recipients by Family Caregivers Impacts Family Communication, In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) (Canada, Montreal, Quebec), 222, pp. 1-13, 2018 (2018/04/22). (acceptance ratio=24%)
56. Hideya Yamamoto, Kaoru Ito, Chihiro Honda, Eiji Aramaki: Does Digital Dementia Exist?, AAAI 2018 Spring Symposium (US, Palo alto, California), pp. 310-311, 2018 (2018/03/26).
57. Katsuya Taguchi, Eiji Aramaki: Novel Location De-identification for Machine and Humans, IUI 2018 UISTDA Workshop (Tokyo, NII), 2018 (2018/03/11).
58. Daisaku Shibata, Shoko Wakamiya, Kaoru Ito, Mai Miyabe, Ayae Kinoshita, Eiji Aramaki: VocabChecker: Measuring Language Abilities for Detecting Early Stage Dementia, In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces Companion (IUI Companion) (Tokyo, NII), 2018 (2018/03/10).
59. Hayate Iso, Camille Ruiz, Taichi Murayama,Katsuya Taguchi, Ryo Takeuchi, Hideya Yamamoto, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: NTCIR13 MedWeb Task: Multi-label Classification of Tweets using an Ensemble of Neural Networks, In Proceedings of the 13th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (Japan, NII), pp. 56-61, 2017 (2017/12/7). (best system award)
60. Shoko Wakamiya, Mizuki Morita, Yoshinobu Kano, Tomoko Ohkuma, Eiji Aramaki: Overview of the NTCIR-13: MedWeb Task, In Proceedings of the 13th NTCIR Conference on Evaluation of Information Access Technologies (Japan, NII), pp. 40-49, 2017 (2017/12/7).
61. Ryo Takeuchi, Hayate Iso, Kaoru Ito, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Multi Liner Regression of Symptom-related Tweets for Infectious Gastroenteritis Scale Estimation, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Digital Disease Detection using Social Media (DDDSM) of International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP) (Taiwan, Taipei), pp. 18-25, 2017 (2017/11/27).
62. Naomi Yamashita, Hideaki Kuzuoka, Keiji Hirata, Takashi Kudo, Eiji Aramaki, Kazuki Hattori: Changing Moods: How Manual Tracking by Family Caregivers Improves Caring and Family Communication, In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) (US, Denver, Colorad), pp. 158-169, 2017 (2017/5/6). (acceptance ratio=24%)
63. Camille Marie Ruiz, Kaoru Ito, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki: Loneliness in a Connected World: Analyzing Online Activity and Expressions on Real Life Relationships of Lonely Users, AAAI 2017 Spring Symposium (US, California), 2017 (2017/3/29). [PPT][PDF]
64. Daisaku Shibata, Shoko Wakamiya, Ayae Kinoshita, Eiji Aramaki: Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease based on Word Category Frequencies, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING) workshop on ClinicalNLP. (Japan, Osaka), 2016 (2016/12/16).
65. Eiji Aramaki, Yoshinobu Kano, Tomoko Ohkuma, Mizuki Morita: MedNLPDoc: Japanese Shared Task for Clinical NLP, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING) workshop on ClinicalNLP. (Japan, Osaka), 2016 (2016/12/16).
66. Shoko Wakamiya, Yukiko Kawai, Eiji Aramaki: After the Boom No One Tweets: Microblog-based Influenza Detection Incorporating Indirect Information, In Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Databases (EDB 2016) (Korea, Jeju), pp. 98-106, 2016 (2016/10/18). (runner-up paper award) [PDF]
67. Shoko Wakamiya, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Yukiko Kawai, Adam Jatowt, Eiji Aramaki, Toyokazu Akiyama: Lets Not Stare at Smartphones while Walking: Memorable Route Recommendation by Detecting Effective Landmarks, In Proceedings of the ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) (Germany , Heidelberg), 2016 (2016/9/12). (acceptance ratio=26%)
68. Eiji Aramaki, Shoko Wakamiya: NARS: NTCIR-12 MedNLPDoc Baseline, In Proceedings of the NTCIR12 (Japan, Tokyo), pp. 87-88, 2016 (2016/6/10). [PDF]
69. Eiji Aramaki, Mizuki Morita, Yoshinobu Kano, Tomoko Ohkuma: Overview of the NTCIR-12 MedNLPDoc Task, In Proceedings of the NTCIR12 (Japan, Tokyo), pp. 71-75, 2016 (2016/6/10). [PDF]
70. Toshihide Saito, Eiji Aramaki, Mai Miyabe, Keiji Hirata: Automatic Classification and Tagging of Blog Articles with the Aim of Supporting Caregivers of Depressed Family Members, In Proceedings the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientist (IMECS) (Hong Kong), pp. 303-306, 2016 (2016/3/16).
71. Daisuke Kato, Mai Miyabe, Eiji Aramaki, Akiyo Nadamoto: Sizzle Word Analysis from Multiple Internet Media, In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Advances in Data Engineering and Mobile Computing (DEMoC) (Taiwan, Taipei), pp. 444-451, 2015 (2015/9/2).
72. Eiji Aramaki, Shuko Shikata, Eriko Watabe, Mai Miyabe, Yasuyuki Usuda, Satsuki Ayaya, Shinichiro Kumagaya: Allergy Risk Finder : Hypothesis Generation System for Allergy Risks via Web Service, In Proceedings of the MedInfo (Brazil, São Paulo), pp. e1113, 2015 (2015/8/19).
73. Shin Kanouchi, Naoaki Okazaki, Mamoru Komachi, Eiji Aramaki, Hiroshi Ishikawa:: Who caught a cold ? Identifying the subject who has a symptom, In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics and International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP) (China, Beijing), pp. 26-31, 2015 (2015/7/26). (acceptance ratio=25% ) [PDF]
74. Yoshiaki Kitagawa, Mamoru Komachi, Eiji Aramaki, Naoaki Okazaki, Hiroshi Ishikawa: Disease Event Detection based on Deep Modality Analysis, In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics and International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP) Student Research Workshop (China, Beijing), pp. 28-34, 2015 (2015/7/26).
75. Takashi Awamura, Daisuke Kawahara, Eiji Aramaki, Tomohide Shibata, Sadao Kurohashi: Location Name Disambiguation Exploiting Spatial Proximity and Temporal Consistency, In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media (SocialNLP) (US, Cololad), pp. 1-9, 2015 (2015/6/5). [PDF]
76. Eiji Aramaki Mizuki Morita, Yoshinobu Kano, Tomoko Ohkuma: Overview of the NTCIR-11 MedNLP task, In Proceedings of the NTCIR11pp. 147-154, 2014 (2014/12/13). [PPT][PDF]
77. Daisuke Kato, Mai Miyabe, Eiji Aramaki, Akiyo Nadamoto: Comparative Analysis of Sizzle Words on the Internet, In Proceedings of the Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2014) (Vietnam, Hanoi), pp. 440-444, 2014 (2014/12/6).
78. Masumi Shirakawa , Kotaro Nakayama, Eiji Aramaki, Takahiro Hara and Shojiro Nishio: Collecting Conceptualized Relations from Terabytes of Web Texts for Understanding Unknown Terms, In Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI) (Poland, Warsaw), pp. 86-93, 2014 (2014/8/12).
79. Tetsuaki Nakamura, Kay Kubo, Yasuyuki Usuda, Shuko Shikata, Eiji Aramaki: Patients cannot Keep up Posting Blog Articles without Responses, In Proceedings of the iDB Workshop2014 (Japan, Fukuoka), pp. e1, 2014 (2014/7/7). [PDF]
80. Takashi Okumura, Eiji Aramaki, Yuka Tateisi: Expression of laboratory examination results in medical literature, In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Building and Evaluating Resources for Health and Biomedical Text Processing (BioTxtM) (Iceland, Reykjavik), pp. e1-e7, 2014 (2014/5/31).
81. Mizuki Morita, Masanori Shiro, Shotaro Akaho, Toshihiro Kamishima, Hideki Asoh, Eiji Aramaki, Koiti Hasida, Hakahide Kohro: Arresting Treatment Patterns for Individual Patients in Clinical Big Data: An Exploratory Procedure, In Proceedings of the AAAI 2013 Spring Symposium on Big data becomes personal: knowledge into meaning for better health, wellness and well-being, (US, Stanford), pp. 98-99, 2014 (2014/3/24).
82. Tetsuaki Nakamura, Kay Kubo, Yasuyuki Usuda, Eiji Aramaki: Defining Patients with Depressive Disorder by Using Textual Information,, In Proceedings of the AAAI 2013 Spring Symposium on Big data becomes personal: knowledge into meaning for better health, wellness and well-being (US, Stanford), pp. 39-44, 2014 (2014/3/24).
83. Takashi Okumura, Yuka Tateisi, Eiji Aramaki: Classification and characterization of clinical finding expressions in medical literature, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) (Short paper) (China, Shanghai), pp. 530-534, 2013 (2013/12/21).
84. Mizuki Morita, Sachiko Maskawa, Eiji Aramaki: Comparison between Social Media and Search Activity as Online Human Sensors for Detection of Influenza, In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Languages in Biology and Medicine (LBM 2013), (Short Paper) (Japan, Tokyo), pp. 75-79, 2013 (2013/12/13).
85. Akiyo Nadamoto, Mai Miyabe, Eiji Aramaki: Analysis of Microblog Rumors and Correction Texts for Disaster Situations, In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2013) (Austria), pp. 44-52, 2013 (2013/12/2).
86. Eiji Aramaki, Sachiko Maskawa, Mai Miyabe, Mizuki Morita and Sachi Yasuda: A Word in a Dictionary is used by Numerous Users, In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP2013) (Japan, Nagoya), pp. 873-877, 2013 (2013/10/18). [PDF]
87. Takashi Okumura, Eiji Aramaki and Yuka Tateisi: Clinical vocabulary and Clinical finding concepts, In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Medical and Healthcare Fields (IJCNLP) (Japan, Nagoya), pp. 7-13, 2013 (2013/10/18).
88. Wailok Tam, Koiti Hasida, Yusuke Matsubara, Eiji Aramaki, Mai Miyabe, Motoyuki Takaai, Hirosi Uozaki and Yo Sato: Proper and Efficient Treatment of Anaphora and Long-Distance Dependency in Context-Free Grammar, In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Medical and Healthcare Fields (IJCNLP) (Japan, Nagoya), pp. 33-37, 2013 (2013/10/18).
89. Yasuhide Miura, Tomoko Ohkuma, Hiroshi Masuichi, Emiko Yamada Shinohara, Eiji Aramaki and Kazuhiko Ohe: Incorporating Knowledge Resources to Enhance Medical Information Extraction, In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Medical and Healthcare Fields (IJCNLP) (Japan, Nagoya), pp. 1-6, 2013 (2013/10/18).
90. Hideki Asoh, Masanori Shiro, Shotaro Akaho, Toshihiro Kamishima, Koiti Hasida, Eiji Aramaki, Takahide Kohro: Applying inverse reinforcement learning to medical records of diabetes, In Proceedings of the ECML-PKDD Workshop on Reinforcement Learning with Generalized Feedback (Czech Republic, Prague), pp. e1-e8, 2013 (2013/9/23).
91. Hideki Asoh, Masanori Shiro, Shotaro Akaho, Toshihiro Kamishima, Koiti Hasida, Eiji Aramaki,Takahide Kohro: Modeling Medical Records of Diabetes using Markov Decision Processes, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) Workshop on Role of Machine Learning in Transforming Healthcar (US, Atlanta), 2013 (2013/7/16).
92. Hiroto Imachi, Mizuki Morita, Eiji Aramaki: NTCIR10 MedNLP Baseline System, In Proceedings of the NTCIR10 (Japan, Tokyo), pp. 710-712, 2013 (2013/6/18).
93. Mizuki Morita, Yoshinobu Kano, Tomoko Ohkuma, Mai Miyabe, Eiji Aramaki: Overview of the NTCIR-10 MedNLP task, In Proceedings of the NTCIR10 (Japan, Tokyo), pp. 696-701, 2013 (2013/6/18). [PDF]
94. Yasuhide Miura, Tomoko Ohkuma, Hiroshi Masuichi, Emiko Yamada-Shinohara, Eiji Aramaki, Kazuhiko Ohe: UT-FX at NTCIR-10 MedNLP, Incorporating Medical Knowledge to Enhance Medical Information Extraction, In Proceedings of the NTCIR10 (Japan, Tokyo), pp. 728-731, 2013 (2013/6/18). (the best system at the task 2 among 22 systems from 12 Groups) [PDF]
95. Mizuki Morita, Soichi Ogishima, Kunihiro Nishimura, Eiji Aramaki, Tateo Ito: Online population-based patient registry to collect and share health-related data of rare disease patients, In Proceedings of the AAAI 2012 Spring Symposium on Data Driven Wellness: From Self-Tracking to Behavior Change (US, Stanford), pp. 65-66, 2013 (2013/3/22). [PPT]
96. Eiji Aramaki, Satoshi Miura, Sachi Yasuda, Mai Miyabe, Masaki Murata: Which is Stronger?: Discriminative Learning of Sound Symbolism, In Proceedings of the CogSci (Poster Presentation) (Japan, Sapporo), 2012 (2012/8/3). [PPT]
97. Sachi Yasuda, Masashi Okamoto, Eiji Aramaki: Ad hoc creature: Lost and added in translation from description to depiction, In Proceedings of the CogSci (Poster Presentation) (Japan, Sapporo), pp. e1, 2012 (2012/8/3). [PDF]
98. Eiji Aramaki, Mai Miyabe, Kayo Waki, Hideo Fujita, Yuji Uchimura, Koji Omae, Masayo Hayakawa, Takashi Kadowaki, Kazuhiko Ohe: Smartphone-based Self Management System for Type-2 Diabetes Patients, In Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Self-Tracking and Collective Intelligence for Personal Wellness (US, Stanford), pp. 2-4,, 2012 (2012/3/26).
99. Eiji Aramaki, Sachiko Maskawa, Mizuki Morita: Influenza Patients are invisible in the web, AAAI Spring Symposium on Self-Tracking and Collective Intelligence for Personal Wellness (US, Stanford), pp. 5-8, 2012 (2012/3/26).
100. Mai Miyabe, Eiji Aramaki, Asako Miura: Use Trend Analysis of Twitter after the Great East Japan Earthquake, In Proceedings of the Conference on computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) (US, Seattle), pp. 1568-1576, 2012 (2012/2/12). (citation count: 29) [PDF]
101. Eiji Aramaki, Sachiko Maskawa and Mizuki Morita: Twitter Catches The Flu: Detecting Influenza Epidemics using Twitter, In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) (UK, Edinburgh, Scotland), pp. 1568-1576, 2011 (2011/7/27). (acceptance ratio=15.1% (citation count: 570) ) [PDF]
102. K. Waki, E. Aramaki, Y. Uchimura, S. Okahata, S. Masukawa, K. Omae, M. Hayakawa, H. Fujita, T. Kadowaki, K. Ohe: Dialbetics: A Novel Smartphone-Based Self-Management Support System for Type 2 Diabetic Patients, In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD)pp. 209-215, 2011 (2011/2/16).
103. Masumi Shirakawa, Kotaro Nakayama, Eiji Aramaki, Takahiro Hara, and Shojiro Nishio: Relation Extraction between Related Concepts by Combining Wikipedia and Web Information for Japanese Language, Proceedings of Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference (AIRS) (Taiwan, Taipei), pp. 310-319, 2010 (2010/12/1).
104. Akiyo Nadamoto, Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa, Yohei Murakami: Extracting the Gist of Social Network Services Using Wikipedia, In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services (iiWAS) (France, Paris), pp. 231-239, 2010 (2010/11/8).
105. Masahiro Kojima, Masaki Murata, Junichi Kazama, Kou Kuroda, Atsushi Fujita, Eiji Aramaki, Masaaki Tsujida, Yashuhiko Watanabe, Kentaro Torisawa: Using Various Features in Machine Learning to Obtain High Levels of Performance for Recognition of Japanese Notational Variants, In Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (PACLIC) (Japan, Sendai), pp. 653-660, 2010 (2010/11/4).
106. Yasuhide Miura, Eiji Aramaki, Tomoko Ohkuma, Masatsugu Tonoike, Daigo Sugihara, Hiroshi Masuichi and Kazuhiko Ohe: Adverse-Effect Relations Extraction from Massive Clinical Records, In Proceedings of the COLING Workshop (In cooperation with Info-plosion) The Second International Workshop on NLP Challenges in the Information Explosion Era (NLPIX) (China, Beijing), pp. 75-83, 2010 (2010/8/28).
107. Akiyo Nadamoto, Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa, Yohei Murakami: Outline of a Community-type Content based on Wikipedia, In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications (DASFAA) (Japan, Tsukuba), pp. 404-407, 2010 (2010/4/8).
108. Akiyo Nadamoto, Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa, Yohei Murakami: Content Hole Search in Community-type Content Using Wikipedia, In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS) (Malaysia), pp. 25-32, 2009 (2009/12/5).
109. Akiyo Nadamoto, Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa, Yohei Murakami: A Content Hole Search in a Community-type Content, In Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) (Spain, Madrid), pp. 1223-1224, 2009 (2009/8/20).
110. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa: Fast decoding and Easy Implementation: Transliteration as Sequential Labeling, In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics and International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP) Named Entities Workshop (NEWS) (Singapore), pp. 65-68, 2009 (2009/8/5). [PDF]
111. Eiji Aramaki, Yasuhide Miura, Masatsugu Tonoike, Tomoko Ohkuma, Hiroshi Mashuichi, Kazuhiko Ohe: TEXT2TABLE: Medical Text Summarization System Based on Named Entity Recognition and Modality Identification, In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology conference and the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL) Workshop on BioNLP (US, Colorad), pp. 185-192, 2009 (2009/6/2). [PDF]
112. Akiyo Nadamoto, Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa, Yohei Murakami: Searching for Important but Neglected Content from Community-type-content, In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference On Signal-Image Technology & Internet-based Systems (SITIS) (Indonesia, Bali), pp. 161-168, 2008 (2008/11/30).
113. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Abekawa, Yohei Murakami, Akiyo Nadamoto: Discriminative Dialog Analysis Using a Massive Collection of BBS comments, In Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) Workshop on NLP Challenges in the Information Explosion Era (NLPIX2008) (China, Beijing), pp. e1, 2008 (2008/8/22). [PDF]
114. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Imai, Kengo Miyo, Kazuhiko Ohe: Orthographic Disambiguation Incorporating Transliterated Probability, In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP) (India, Hyderabad), pp. 48-55, 2008 (2008/1/7). (acceptance ratio=28%) [PDF]
115. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Imai, Kengo Miyo, Kazuhiko Ohe: Automatic Deidentification by using Sentence Features and Label Consistency, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Challenges in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data (US, Washington DC), pp. e1, 2007 (2007/11/13). (citation count: 43) [PDF]
116. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Imai, Kengo Miyo, Kazuhiko Ohe: Patient Status Classification by using Rule based Sentence Extraction and BM25-kNN based Classifier, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Challenges in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data (US, Washington DC), pp. e1, 2007 (2007/11/13). [PDF]
117. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Imai, Kengo Miyo, Kazuhiko Ohe: UTH: Semantic Relation Classification using Physical Sizes, In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (SemEval) (Czech Republic, Prague), pp. 464-467, 2007 (2007/6/23). [PDF]
118. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Imai, Kengo Miyo, Kazuhiko Ohe: Support Vector Machine Based Orthographic Disambiguation, In Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI) (Sweden, Skövde), pp. 21-30, 2007 (2007/5/11). [PDF]
119. Eiji Aramaki, Takeshi Imai, Masayo Kashiwagi, Masayuki Kajino, Kengo Miyo, Kazuhiko Ohe: Toward Medical Ontology via Natural Language Processing, In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP) workshop OntoLex (Korea, Jeju Island), pp. 53-58, 2005 (2005/10/11). [PDF]
120. Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi, Hideki Kashioka, Hideki Tanaka: Probabilistic Model for Example-based Machine Translation, In Proceedings of the MT Summit X (Thailand, Phuket), pp. 219-226, 2005 (2005/9/13). (citation count: 16) [PDF]
121. Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi: Example-based Machine Translation using Structural Translation Examples, In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) (China, Hainan Island), pp. 91-94, 2004 (2004/3/22). (citation count: 12) [PDF]
122. Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi, Hideki Kashioka, Hideki Tanaka: Example-based Machine Translation without Saying Inferable Predicate, In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP) (China, Hainan Island), pp. 38-45, 2004 (2004/3/22). [PDF]
123. Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi, Hideki Kashioka, Hideki Tanaka: Word Selection for EBMT based on Monolingual Similarity and Translation Confidence, In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology conference and the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (HLT-NAACL) Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts: Data Driven Machine Translation and Beyond (Canada, Edmonton), pp. 57-64, 2003 (2003/5/11). [PDF]
124. Eiji Aramaki, Sadao Kurohashi, Satoshi Sato, Hideo Watanabe: Finding Translation Correspondences from Parallel Parsed Corpus for Example-based Translation, In Proceedings of the MT Summit VIII (Spain, Santiago de Compostela), pp. 27-32, 2001 (2001/11/18). (citation count: 19) [PDF]
125. Hideo Watanabe, Sadao Kurohashi, Eiji Aramaki: Finding Structural Correspondences from Bilingual Parsed Corpus for Corpus-based Translation, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING) (Germany, Saarbrücken), pp. 906-912, 2000 (2000/8/3). (acceptance ratio=34%)